|
KMID : 0620920200520121926
|
|
Experimental & Molecular Medicine
2020 Volume.52 No. 12 p.1926 ~ p.1935
|
|
|
Interactions between tumor-derived proteins and Toll-like receptors
|
|
Jang Gun-Young
Lee Ji-Won
Kim Young-Seob
Lee Sung-Eun
Han Hee-Dong
Hong Kee-Jong
Kang Tae-Heung
Park Yeong-Min
|
|
|
Abstract
|
|
|
|
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are danger signals (or alarmins) alerting immune cells through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to begin defense activity. Moreover, DAMPs are host biomolecules that can initiate a noninflammatory response to infection, and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) perpetuate the inflammatory response to infection. Many DAMPs are proteins that have defined intracellular functions and are released from dying cells after tissue injury or chemo-/radiotherapy. In the tumor microenvironment, DAMPs can be ligands for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on immune cells and induce cytokine production and T-cell activation. Moreover, DAMPs released from tumor cells can directly activate tumor-expressed TLRs that induce chemoresistance, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, DAMP-induced chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment causes an increase in immunosuppressive populations, such as M2 macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Therefore, regulation of DAMP proteins can reduce excessive inflammation to create an immunogenic tumor microenvironment. Here, we review tumor-derived DAMP proteins as ligands of TLRs and discuss their association with immune cells, tumors, and the composition of the tumor microenvironment.
|
|
|
KEYWORD
|
|
|
Cancer microenvironment, Immune cell death
|
|
|
FullTexts / Linksout information
|
|
|
|
|
|
Listed journal information
|
|
    
|
|